Trade fragmentation has emerged as a pressing challenge in the current era of shifting geopolitical dynamics. Globalisation, once celebrated for its promise of interconnected economies and seamless trade, is now being tested by rising protectionism and disruptive trade policies. A key driver of this fragmentation is the imposition of unilateral tariffs, most notably under former U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration. These tariffs, aimed at rebalancing trade deficits and protecting domestic industries, have reshaped global trade flows and intensified economic nationalism, undermining long-standing multilateral trade agreements.
The impact of Trump's tariffs on global trade and globalisation has been profound. By targeting major economies such as China and the European Union with sweeping tariffs, the United States triggered retaliatory measures and heightened trade tensions. This shift in trade policy not only strained international relations but also weakened global supply chains, leading many countries to reconsider their dependence on foreign trade. As a result, bilateral trade deals began to take precedence over comprehensive multilateral agreements, accelerating the fragmentation of the global trading system.
From a geopolitical standpoint, trade fragmentation has fuelled a more polarized world, where trade is increasingly used as a strategic tool in power rivalries. As nations navigate this uncertain landscape, the emphasis is shifting from economic efficiency to strategic autonomy, reshaping the future of globalisation. The consequences of these changes continue to influence trade agreements, international relations, and the very fabric of the global economy.
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